Painting under the Microscope
Sometimes paintings can look deceptively simple, yet you may be surprised by the amount of thought that has gone into it.
Those flowers on the wall (left), are they for decoration? Do they symbolise something mysterious and enigmatic? Or maybe their function is purely practical. Well the answer could very well be all of the above. But in this instance the answer is very simple, and we shall return to answer this later.
Today I am going to put my recent painting Stillness, (which is my interpretation of a lovely wooden statue found at Angkor Wat in Cambodia) under the microscope in order to illustrate some very practical techniques you can use to UNIFY your paintings. Scroll down to see original photo. Previously we talked about the various elements which make a painting successful. These included colour harmonies and various contrasts such as that between complimentary colours, hues, brightness, values, and textures.
I am going to illustrate some of these techniques now, and I am also going to introduce you to two more techniques which will help you to create even more balance in your painting; horizontal and vertical lines and the Art of Repetition. I also want to briefly talk about the Feeling of a painting and its importance. But first lets look at how I have used the technique of Contrast to add interest.
As you may know, contrast is very important in any painting. It makes the viewer want to explore the painting further. In Stillness I have used contrast in several ways to help to add this interest.
The most obvious use of contrast is probably that between the 2 complimentary colours of blue and orange, which is also a contrast between cool and warm. Then there is the contrast between purple and yellow, which are also complimentary colours. If you remember, complimentary colours produce a very strong contrast and effective combination when used next to each other. There is also a noticeable contrast between light and dark, and finally the more subtle contrast between the wooden texture on the figure and the slightly softer and grainier background.
Feeling of painting
It is important to consider the feeling you want to portray in your painting. There are several ways to do this, ie with line, texture and colour. In stillness I chose to have a large area of blue in order to enhance the general theme and feeling of the painting, which is one of tranquility. I choose orange/gold for the statue, despite it being wooden, as I wanted to give it some warmth as well as the impression of it being very valuable, as in the association with gold. I wanted it to be calm and peaceful but, at the same time I also wanted it to have some energy, hence the strong contrast with the complimentary blue and orange.
Horizontal and vertical lines
A further way to unify a painting is to balance horizontal and vertical lines. If you look a the large blue area to the right of the figure you will notice the subtle shape of a window sill. I’m going to let you in or a little secret here. I didn’t particularly need a window there, but what I was after was a horizontal line to help balance out the vertical lines in the paintings, but I didn’t want it to be to obvious as I wanted to keep the simplicity of the composition, so I settled for a very subtle impression of a window sill to achieve this.
The Art of Repetition
By repeating certain elements in your painting you are effectively pulling it together, or relating the various parts to each other. This gives the feeling of UNITY in your painting. For example you can repeat certain colours, shapes, textures or any element found in your painting. It doesn’t even have to be a significant part of the painting.
“So to answer the question ‘what are the flowers doing on the wall?” Take another look at the painting. See if you can see those flowers anywhere else in the painting? Thats right – on the head dress. Although they are not an important part of the painting, their appearance elsewhere, helps to unify the painting as a whole. They also ad interesting textural elements to the painting.
If you look at the background shape of the wall panel with the flowers on it, you may notice that it is suspiciously similar to the shape of the head dress. I can assure you this is no accident either. And, if you look even closer, you will see that all the colours in the background have been repeated on the figure itself, such as the reds and purples of the wall panel as well as the blue of the background. And likewise, the yellow and orange of the figure, have been repeated in the wall panel above the window.
So if you want your next painting to be a Masterpiece, give some thought to these useful techniques, and I guarantee you will be surprised at the result. I would love to hear how you get on.
Until next time…
Colour and Contrast
- At May 15, 2012
- By artespiral11
- In Understanding Colour
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HUE. This is a specific colour, such as red or green. The colourwheel has 12 different hues.
CHROMA: This refers to the saturation, intensity or purity of a colour. Colours on the colour wheel are of pure intensity or chroma.
TONE: This relates to the lightness of darkness of a colour. Every hue has a tonal value, which can be modified by either adding white or black. Judging the tonal value of a colour can be difficult at first. The best way is to half close your eyes until the colour almost dissapeares leaving nothing but the tone.
Last time we talked about the contrast between complimentary colours as well as warm and cool colours. There are however other contrasts which are equally important if you want you paintings to look convincing. These include chroma, tone, and texture.
Chroma
If you are using a bright colour it is important to make sure you contrast it with it’s equivalent Dull colour. For example if you have used a brilliant blue on a vase, make sure you mix up a dull blue (add grey, black, white or other colour) and use it somewhere to contrast the bright and dull. If the blue colour is quite a dominant or an important part of the painting you may also
want to contrast it with its complimentary colour orange, to bring it forward and give it more energy as Van Gough has done with his ‘Cafe Terrace at Night’ painting. If the blue you have used is a bright blue, then the orange you contrast it with should also be a bright orange. If the main blue is a dull blue you would then contrast it with a dull orange/brown. For a realistic look try to include a good variety of the same colour in various tones and brightness. See how Vincent has contrasted the bright blue of the sky and the upper building with more dull blues elsewhere, and the bright yellow of the cafe wall with the paler table tops. Yet another contrast is between the complimentary colours yellow (the wall) and purple-mauve (road). In his ‘Irises’ painting he has used similar colour combinations. Study the two paintings and look for more contrasts.
Tone
As with chroma or colour intesity, tone is also very important in creating balance in your artwork. Make sure you balance light areas with dark areas and make sure you have a good selection of tonal values in your painting. To check your tonal balance half close your eyes, try to imagine your painting in black and white. It should still be interesting without colour.
Texture
By contrasting texture in your paintings, you create interest. You can contrast smooth textures with rough impasto textures, water colour effects with pastel. Without the right amount of textural contrast your work could appear a bit dull or un interesting.
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When it comes to contrast in painting there is more than black and white and complimentary colours to think about.
Colour Harmonies
- At April 20, 2012
- By artespiral11
- In Understanding Colour
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How and why does a particular colour make us react in a certain way to a painting? Colour is the most powerful instrument in visual art; Colour is used by artists to arouse emotions in the viewer and is a powerful means of visual communication.
It is well known that colour can be used by an artist to create a calming or stimulating effect, or to draw the viewer’s eye to a particular part of the composition. Colours can also be “warm” and “cool” with warm colours such as red and orange appearing closer to the viewer and cool colours such as blue and green appearing to recede.
In visual art, colour should create a balanced visual experience. Without balance or harmony, the art is either too bland and doesn’t engage or excite the viewer or it is too loud and demanding and the viewer simply turns away. To create harmony in a painting it is important to balance complimentary colours and analagous colours.
Colour Harmonies

Complementary colours
Colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel are considered to be complementary colours (example: red and green).
The high contrast of complementary colours creates a vibrant look especially when used at full saturation. This colour scheme must be managed well so it is not jarring.
Complementary colour schemes are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out. Complementary colours are really bad for text.
Analogous colours
Analogous colour schemes use colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous colour schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye. Make sure you have enough contrast when choosing an analogous colour scheme.
Remember to always choose one colour to dominate, a second to support and a third as an accent. Black, white, neutrals and grey can be also be used as support or accent.
Triadic colours
A triadic colour scheme uses colours that are evenly spaced around the colour wheel. Triadic colour schemes tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of your hues.
Warm and cool colours
Colours can be divided into warm and cool colours, and this is referred to colour temperature.
Warm colours are vivid and energetic, and tend to advance in space. These are the reds, yellows and oranges.
Cool colours give an impression of calm, and create a soothing impression. These are blues and greens.
However even warm colours can seem cool and cool colours seem warm. A bluish green seems cooler than a yellowish green, while a reddish purple seems warmer than a bluish purple. A red with a hint of purple seems cooler than a red with a hint of orange.
White, black and grey are considered to be neutral, with black considered a warm colour.
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Artist follows in ancestors footsteps
- At April 02, 2012
- By artespiral11
- In Family history
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Following in Artistic Ancestor Footsteps
The World’s History books are filled with volumes about conflict between settlers and indigenous people, who’s lands were settled and conquered, and New Zealand is no exception to this. However there has always been a handful of free-thinking settlers who had the vision and courage to go beyond the predominant ignorance and prejudices of the time. One such enlightened gentleman was Captain William Mein Smith, a former captain in the British army. Arriving in 1840 he was to be New Zealands’ first surveyor general. After 5 years in Wellington, Mein Smith moved to the Wairarapa with his family, where he and his friend and entrepreneur Samuel Revans, purchased land for a sheep and cattle station just outside of what is now Martinborough, where they became successful runholders, farming over 50,000 acres of land. Mein Smith, a quiet and likeable man was also a very capable and talented artist who went on to produce many beautiful watercolour and pen and ink paintings of Wellington and the Wairarapa, which can now be seen at the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington (all 98 of them.) Most important historically are the pen and ink drawings from 1840 -42 for the New Zealand Company. These form part of a superb collection of one hundred company pictures by Mein Smith, Heapy, Fox and Kettle.
Mein Smith continued his surveying in the Wairarapa, defining the boundaries of Masterton and Greytown in 1856 and laying out the town of Featherston. He was a member of the Legislative Council from 1851 to 1853, and represented Wairarapa from 1858 to 1865 on the Wellington Provincial Council. As government district surveyor in Wairarapa, Mein Smith surveyed Crown purchases and determined Maori reserves. It was perhaps during these times that he became friendly with the local Maori at Papawai just outside of Greytown. Mein Smith was held in great esteem by the local Maori and to honour him, a carved ‘totara Whakairo’ (carved figure) was erected alongside other famous Maori Whakairo including the leader Nukupewapewa, at Papawai Marae. He is possibly the only Pakeha to be bestowed such a honour in all of New Zealand. In 1865 Mein Smith retired to Woodside, near Greytown, where he and Samuel Revans established a sawmill. He died at Woodside on 3 January 1869. Mein Smith is buried alongside Samuel Revans in the Greytown cemetery.
Just ten minutes down the road from the Captain’s final resting place lives one of his direct descendants, Tania Williams, also an artist. When Tania left her adopted country Australia in 2004 to ‘rediscover her New Zealand roots’ she was thinking metaphorically. Then two years ago Tania found herself in Featherston. She thought it was a nice little place, close to Wellington, but without the city noise. Although Tania knew about William Mein Smith from his prints on the wall of her parents’ home, she had no idea what part of New Zealand he was from.
It was only when she moved to Featherston that she discovered that Wairarapa was an actual place, not just a place name in the family history books. And it wasn’t until after she had bought a house here, that Tania learned that this was in fact the home of her artistic ancestor. So without trying, Tania had literally stumbled upon the roots she had set out to discover, only they were not metaphorical, but very real and tangible. Tania was even more fascinated when she learned of the connection between Mein Smith and the Papawai Marae, as she also has a strong interest in indigenous cultures, leading her to complete a degree in Anthropology a few years earlier. Much of Tania’s art is inspired by indigenous cultures, esp that of the Maya of Guatemala and Mexico, but she also has an interest in Maori culture. This interest in indigenous people seems to run in the Williams family, as Tania’s Father Russell Williams, a recognised painter in the Hawkes Bay area in the 60s, was also very taken by the Maori, and hence most of his many portraits were of Maori people. He died a few years ago without ever knowing about the Maori connection with his great great great grandfather, which no doubt would have made him very proud.
This happy discovery has come at a pivotal time in Tania’s life. After working as a naturopath for over 20 years Tania decided to throw in the towel as she wanted to follow her dream of making a living as an artist. Tania is not the first person in her family to make a career out of art. As well as her father who was an art teacher, both of Tania’s brothers make a living from art related work in Australia. Although Tania has been painting and drawing since a young child, she has never tried to make living out of it as it seemed too daunting. Stereotypes inform us that art is a bad choice of career unless you want to remain poor for the rest of your life, and for these reasons, and because she was a girl… her father discouraged her form pursuing an art career. However after 20 years as a naturopath, Tania decided it was time to challenge these stereotypes and set out to make art her business. So taking inspiration from William Mein Smith, Tania set out to do just that, and the result was Arte Spiral.
Shamanism, Social Balance and Health in the Maya Worldview
- At February 06, 2012
- By artespiral11
- In Mayan Shamanism
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The Relationship between Shamanism, Social Balance and Health in the Maya Worldview








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